What causes periodontal diseases?

The mouth is filled with countless bacteria. Periodontal disease beings when certain bacteria in plaque (the sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on the teeth and the surfaces lining the mouth) produce toxins and enzymes that irritate the gums and cause inflammation. The resulting inflammation, which may be painless, can damage the attachment of the gums and bone to the tooth.

Plaque that is not removed regularly can harden into rough porous deposits called calculus, or tartar. Once the hardened tartar forms, it can only be removed when teeth are cleaned professionally at the dental office. 

Treatments for periodontal disease:

Periodontal treatment methods depend upon the type and severity of the disease. If the disease is caught very early, and no damage has been done, you may simply be given instructions on improving your daily oral hygiene.

• Gingivitis (Gum disease): regular professional cleanings at the dental office
• Chronic Periodontitis (Gum disease + Loss of bone): requires professional deep cleanings, called "scaling and root planing," using local anesthetic and antibacterial solutions. This procedure helps gum tissue to heal and pockets to shrink. This may take more than one visit.
• You may also be recommended medications to help control infection and pain, or to aid healing. A pill, mouthrinse, or a substance that can be placed directly in the periodontal pocket after scaling and root planing. 
• Control of any related systemic diseases, like diabetes.

How to prevent periodontal diseases?

Good oral hygiene- brushing twice a day and flossing once a day- helps to reduce the plaque film.  

Regular checkups and professional cleanings to rid of the plaque and calculus that are impossible to reach with our day-to-day flossing and brushing.